海淀雅思培训住宿班?
雅思考试由原先的统考,一分为普通雅思(IELTS )、签证类雅思考试(IELTS for UKVI)、生活技能类雅思(IELTS Life Skills)三类,但对什么样的学生需要考哪一类雅思考试却并未明确规定,这让许多中国学生感到无所适从。
雅思,这些东西知道了!
托福口语考察标准解读
A. General Deion
所谓总体,就是整段录音给人的直观印象,是直觉,是并未用细则的评分标准来判断时的直接感受。ETS在Soring Rubic中对于总体要求的描述还是集中在“内容”层面为主。
首先,“with at most minor lapses in completeness”表明了内容完整性的重要。不要以为会流利地发音,表面上说得很流畅、没有停顿i就能过关。ETS考察的是你用英语交流的能力,所以要说的让别人能听懂、能了解你的意思,那么意思的表达就要有有尾,尽量形成一个complete cycle。
其次,"highly intelligible and exhibits sustained, coherent discourse"说的是表达过程中逻辑的演绎要有条理。在口语前两题的叙述中,我们的逻辑可遵循老美常用的总分结构,一语中的。而不要用我们东方人习惯的“弯弯绕”般的“暗喻”,希望老美能猜透你的深层“精神内涵”。否则必败无疑。
B. Delivery
Delivery部分主要关注语言本身。首先是对说话时语音、语调、语速的要求。“Generally well-paced flow(fluid expression). Speech is clear.”有些同学对这句话有误读。中国学生尤其会偏向于加快自己的语速,觉得速度越快就是越流利,就说明自己对语言的掌握越熟练。其实“Fluid expression”讲的不是“快”,而是整体的“流畅”。这两个概念是有区别的。大家可以想一下中文的环境。如果一个人说得飞快,甚至在你还没理解前一句的情况下,他已经把第二句说完了,而且当中还夹杂着大舌之类的咬字不清,你会觉得舒服吗?相比之下,另一个人把一件事情娓娓道来(娓娓道来的意思不是慢),当中适当还有一些停顿来让你注意重点,你觉得他对语言的掌控相比前一个怎么样?所以,ETS才会要求有"well-paced flow"使得speech能够clear。
说到语音语调,很多人就觉得是音标的问题,有的人也怕自己的口音会影响太大。说口音完全没有关系是不可能的,老实说,肯定口音越纯正听起来越舒服,这点毋庸置疑。但口音问题远远不是全部,诸如新加坡口音、印度口音的故事太多,我们也不用在此赘述了。关键问题是,我们中国人说英文常常没有“重点”,所谓的重点就是“抑扬顿挫”。大家小时候背古诗的时候都知道,光背字面意思毫无感情地一遍遍是很难记住的,而在真正理解诗意的情况下,带有感情地朗读出来很容易就能记住,而这时候你注意一下自己的发音的话,很多“字”都是有重点的、有重音的。这是因为你在用自己的思想讲话,而不是用舌头讲话。I 的道理也是一样,所谓“把英文说得跟母语一样”就是用思想在讲话的境界。当然,我们可能做不到这一点。但有些技巧我们是能掌握的。
技巧1: 重音。
在一句话里总有你想强调的意思。举个老例子,大家读一下这句话“She always loves me.”试试看把重音每次强调在不同的单词上,读出区别来了吗?这就是重音的作用,即使是同一句话,因为重音的不同,所展示的背后的逻辑也就大相径庭。
技巧2:适当停顿。
英文说得好的人为什么让别人听起来会不累?因为他们都是在用“意群”表达。这就是说他们主动把一句话的意思拆成一小段一小段有重点地说给你听,帮助你理解。所以你也会听得津津有味,甚至觉得他思路非常清晰。我们在说话时活用停顿是很有用的,短暂的停顿会帮助把句意切成有机的整体,说出节奏感,而且起到引起注意、强调的作用。比如“The response fulfills the demands of the task / with at most minor lapses in completeness.”我们读这句的时候,斜杠的部分要注意停顿而不能一口气以同样的速度读下去。
随后,“It may include minor lapses, or minor difficulties with pronunciation or intonation patterns, which do not affect intelligibility.”我们主要讨论"minor lapses"。
我们常常在说的时候会出现停顿,这个不是前面所说的为了强调意群而故意做的,而是因为大脑一下子没跟上而嘴里不知道接下去该说什么。碰到这种情况,建议千万不要“留白”,也就是不要对着话筒一语不发,因为这样非但会弄得自己更紧张,而且你脑子里的空白会太明显,让ETS觉得你思路没法跟上。
那碰到这样的瞬间空白怎么办呢?可以用一些过渡词来填补,会显得很自然,其实老美自己在说话时也会出现这样的大脑延迟,但他们不会一言不发,而用well...”,”you know…”,”I mean…”之类的话来等脑子跟上。大家也可以尝试着练一下,熟悉这种方法以后就会觉得自己说话不会一停一停,而是很fluid。当然最后说一句,这个方法也不是的,用得太多的话也会招人厌,所以要自己掌握下度。
海淀雅思培训住宿班:雅思,你看看
这些雅思口语备考条经验送给你
How is my performance assessed?
考官的评分标准是什么?
Examiners will evaluate your performance according to 4 criteria namely fluency and coherence (FC), lexical resource (LR), grammatical range and accuracy (GRA) and pronunciation (P).
考官会依4个部分评分:流畅性及连贯性(FC)、词汇量(LA)、语法运用范围与其正确性(GRA)以及发音(P)。
What is the most important criterion in the speaking test? Is it grammar?
口语测试中重要的是语法吗?
No. The 4 criteria are weighted equally at 25% each. The examiners will give a result for each criterion and then work out the average of the 4 scores which equates to an overall speaking score. If you get 6 for FC, 5 for LR, 5 for GRA and 6 for P, then you will receive 5.5 overall for speaking,
不是。4个评分标准同等重要,各占25%。口试官会针对这4个部分分别评分,然后计算出1个平均分数;若你在FC拿到6分、LR和GRA都拿到5分、P拿到6分,那你会拿到总分5.5分。
Will I lose points if the examiner disagrees with my opinion?
如果考官不认同我的意见,我会被扣分吗?
No. You are judged on your English, not your opinions. There is no right or wrong opinion.
不会。口试的评分标准是你的英文能力,而非意见,更无论对错了。
How is my performance assessed?
我不是个有主见的人,这样也可以拿到吗?
Yes. As long as you keep talking and use a wide range of English, you can get a high score as this is not an IQ test. Boring or obvious opinions are fine if you can produce a wide and accurate range of language when expressing them.
当然可以。只要你持续不断地用正确的英文来表达自己的想法,即可得到,即使是乏味的意见也没关系,因为这并不是智力测验。
I have a North American accent, is that OK?
我有美国口音,这样可以吗?
Yes. American English is not penalised in any part of the test whether it be pronunciation or spelling.
可以。美国口音或拼写并不会影响评分。
How is my performance assessed?
我可以问口试官会给我几分吗?
No. You will receive your IELTS result within 2 weeks but not on the day.
不行。IELTS的成绩会在测试后2个星期之内收到。
What happens if I disagree with the result I was given?
如果我对口试成绩有疑问怎么办?
You may ask the IELTS test centre to arrange another IELTS examiner to reevaluate your speaking. This is possible as all interviews are recorded. You may incur an extra expense depending on whether your score changes or not.
口试的部分都有录音,故可要求考试中心重新评估口试的成绩。若口试成绩经过复议后并没有更改,你须支付额外的复议费;反之,则不必支付。
How is my performance assessed?
在自己的参加口试会比在其他好吗?
In your home country is often thought to be the best place to do the speaking test. However, do keep in mind that all examiners receive exactly the same training around the world which is moderated by a central body. The only justification for why it may be better to do the test in your home country is that you may score higher in pronunciation as it is seen as more subjective; examiners in your home country will be used to the Chinese accent whereas those in England may not.
在自己的考试通常被认为是好的。然而请记住,全世界所有的IELTS口试官接受的都是相同的训练。在自己较好的理由,就是在发音部分会较占优势,例如在中国的口试官势必比较习惯考生有中国的口音。
Is there anything I can do if 1 don't understand a question?
假如我听不懂口试官的问题,该怎么办?
Yes. If you don't understand you may ask the examiner to repeat the question at any time during the interview. However, if after repeating you still don't understand, only in Part 3 may you ask the examiner to explain or rephrase a question. In Part 1 the examiner will simply move on to the next question.
若你不明白间题,可以请口试官再叙述一次。但如果口试官重复后,你还是不理解,只有在Part 3时你才可以请口试官换个说法让你明白问题;在口试的Part 1,口试官会略过该问题而直接进行下一个提问。
What happens if I misunderstand the question?
如果我误会了问题的意思,结果会如何?
You may lose some points under fluency and coherenceas the examiner may have difficulty following your answer. In Part 3 the examiner may rephrase or explain the question again to give you a second opportunity. This will not happen in Part 1 though, the examiner will move on to the next question.
你可能会在流畅性及连贯性这部分被扣分。在Part 3,口试官有可能会再重述或解释该题,给你第二次机会回答;但是在Part 1时,口试官会直接问你下一个问题。
What should I do if I can't think of the right vocabulary?
想不出合适的词汇表达时该怎么办?
Keep talking by paraphrasing (explaining the meaning of the word). It's better to say something than nothing. If you simply pause and hope that somehow the word miraculously pops into your head, the examiner will be unable to assess you. In other words, long silences are penalised in each criterion as you are producing no vocabulary, grammar or pronunciation features and showing no fluency.
利用你会的词句代替或解释你想不出来的词汇,这比什么都不说要好,口试官是不会让你停顿下来思考你要的词汇的;换句话说,沉默或间断的应答在4个评分标准下都无法得分。
How is my performance assessed?
考试中可以编造或说谎吗?
Preferably not. Although there is no way of knowing if you are telling the truth or not, it's OK to be honest and more importantly you will sound much more natural and fluent if you are. Just remember to use good English. If the examiner asks you if you like your hometown, you don't need to pretend that you do if you don't. It's quite fine to say you hate it as long as you do so using appropriate English. Similarly if the examiner asks you if you have ever had a pet, but you never have, then say so and give a reason why you haven't.
好不要。因为真实的回答听起来会比较自然且流畅,重点在于你是否能用好的英文来表达;举例来说,当口试官问你是否喜欢你的家乡,或你是否养过宠物时,你可以回答不喜欢或是你没养过宠物,只要说明原因即可。
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