1) 先后次序关系:at this time; first; second; at last; next;previously;
simultaneously同时地; eventually;last but not least;to begin with;to start
with;to end with;finally;seeing...由于,因为;since then;first of
all;afterwards后来; following this; preceding先前的
;originally初的ultimate最终的,极限的,根本的
2) 因果关系:because;because of this;being that(口语)既然,因为;another important
factor/reason of... ; since; as; for; in that...; owing to由于,通常负面; due
to由于; for the reason that...; in view of鉴于,考虑到 result from归因于the reason
seems to be obvious; there are about... ;for this reason; as a result
of this; therefore;...and so...; consequently所以,因此;as a result;
thus这样,如此,因而; hence因此; so;so that...; in consequence结果,结果; as a
consequence; accordingly因此,于是,相应地; inevitably不可避免地; under these
conditions thereupon因此于是upon迫近
3) 转折关系:but;even so;however;though;even though;independent of;reckless
of不顾 ;despite that; in spite of that; regardless of不顾; yet...;and yet;
but unless. Nonetheless尽管如此
4) 并列关系: and; also;too;as well as;either...,or...;both...and...
5) (补充)递进关系:furthermore此外,而且;moreover而且,此外;further进一步地,此外;In this
way ;still; not only...but also...; not...but...; in addition
(to);additionally, much more interesting, more specifically更具体地说, next,
besides; as far as... is concerned至于; moreover此外;in other words;along
this line of consideration;on (the) one hand...在一方面,on the other
hand...; even; as a saying goes...;in order to do it...; meanwhile同时;
at the same time; accordingly因此; In the first place...,in the second
place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
6) 比较关系: similarly; in like manner, in comparison with;when compared
with;compared with;when in fact...; like...; likewise同样地,也; similarly
important; apart from (doing)...; ... rather than...,by doing so
;both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).
7) 对照(不同点):yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding虽然,尽管;
rather当然,的确,宁愿,相当; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however;
something is just the other way around;yet; conversely相反的; unlike;
opposed to; as opposed to this与不同 ; in contrast (to); by way of;on the
contrary;different from this; nevertheless然而,不过,虽然如此; contrary to;
whereas但是,鉴于; while;but on the other hand
8) 举例关系:for example; for instance例如; in this case既然若这样; namely也就是
instance例子实例换句话说; as you know; you may as/say; as he explains; like;
such as; a case in point is一个恰当的例子是...; consider...; in
particular尤其特别;including...;for one thing...首先,for another...;put it
simply;stated roughly粗糙地,概略地; as an illustration, I will say...; a good
example (of...)would be...;to detail this,I would like to...; It is
interesting to note that...;in this situation; as proof; take the case
of; take as example (something); as for; as regards; as to; according
to; on this occasion.
9) 强调关系:in fact; especially;particularly特别,尤其;moreover(此外);naturally;
what is more important;in reality事实上; certainly; of course; indeed; in
particular;not to mention...;believe it or not;undeniably(无可置疑); other
thing being equal;it is certain/sure that...;to be strict; to be true;by
definition; definitely明确地,肯定地; undoubtedly; without a doubt; in truth,
in any event(不论怎样); without reservation(毫无保留地); obviously, not only..
but(also...), both... and...
10) 条件关系: if;unless; lest;provided that;if it is the case;in this
sense;once...;if possible;if necessary;if so;if not all; if anything.
11) 归纳总结类: in a word / in sum / in short in brief / in conclusion
/ in summarytherefore因此,所以 / hence因此,今后to sum up / to conclude the
conclusion can be drawn thatfor this reason / on the whole
12) 地点关系:beyond; opposite to; adjacent邻近 to; at the same place; there;
over; in the middle; around; in front of; in the distance; farther;
here and there; above; below; at the right; between; on this side.
13) 目的关系:with this object无证; for this purpose; in order that; in this
way, since; so that; on that account由于。。。缘故; in case万一; with a view
to考虑到; for the same reason.
14) 重申关系:in other words; that is to say; as I have said; again; once again.
15) 结果关系:accordingly; thus; consequently(因此); hence; therefore;
thereupon; inevitably; under these conditions; as a result; as a
consequence; because; because of; so that; not only...but (also...);
so... as to...
16) 顺序关系:first; second; thirdly; next; then; at the
outset(在开始时),following this; at this time; now; at this point; after;
afterward后来; after this; subsequently后来; lastly最终; finally;
consequently所以,因此; before this; previously; preceding this;
simultaneously同时地; concurrently(同时发生的)
17) 时间关系:at once; immediately; at length终于,最后; in the mean time同时;
meanwhile; at the same time; in the end; then; soon; not long after;
later; at once; at last; finally; some time ago; at present; all of a
sudden突然; from this time on; from time to time; since then; when;
whenever; next point; a few minutes later; formerly; as; once; since;
occasionally偶然地; in a moment; shortly立刻; whereupon于是,因此; previously
Henceforth今后
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