英语动词加ed的用法

　　动词，一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词，下面小编告诉你英语动词加ed的用法，大家一起来看看吧!

　　英语动词加ed的用法：

　　(1)作表语

　　①过去分词作表语时，说明主语所处的状态。

　　You shouldn’t try to stand up if you are badly hurt.如果你严重受伤，就不应站起来。

　　He is gone.他走了。

　　You are mistaken.你错了。

　　②表示情感的动词的ed形式作表语

　　表示情感的动词的ed形式常见有disappointed(失望的)，astonished(惊讶的)，excited(激动的)，interested(感兴趣的)，frightened(害怕的)，moved(感动的)，pleased(高兴的)， puzzled (不解的)，satisfied(满足的)，surprised(惊奇的)，touched (感动的)，worried(担忧的)等。这类此都有“被怎样了的”意义”表示主语的状态，主语一般是人。

　　I was not satisfied with the result.我对那个结果感到不满意。

　　I was deeply moved by the moving story.我被这个感人的故事感动了。

　　I was very surprised at the news.我听到这个消息后非常吃惊。

　　(2)作定语

　　动词的-ed形式作定语表示被动与完成，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的中心词,是它动作的承受者。

　　① 作定语的过去分词如果是单个词，一般放在名词的前面。

　　Japan is a developed country.日本是一个发达。

　　He cleared up all the fallen leaves.他所有的落叶。

　　Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health .污染的空气和水对人们的健康是有害的。

　　② 如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面，相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句。

　　The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies. (=which were ever found…)曾经在英国发掘的大的一批硬币有大约20万枚银便士。

　　The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.(= once it is begun)研究是这样设计的，一旦启动就不能改变。

　　People developed a kind of paper made from the fibres of plants.人们研制出一种用植物纤维制成的纸。

　　The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 为英语教学编写的套教科书出台于16世纪。

　　③表示情感的动词的ed形式作定语

　　表示情感的动词的ed形式常见有disappointed(失望的)，astonished(惊讶的)，excited(激动的)，interested(感兴趣的)，frightened(害怕的)，moved(感动的)，pleased(高兴的)， puzzled (不解的)，satisfied(满足的)，surprised(惊奇的)，touched (感动的)，worried(担忧的)等。这类此都有“被怎样了的”意义”表示中心词的状态，中心词一般是人。

　　The excited football fans were singing in loud voices.那些兴奋的球迷在高声唱歌。

　　The frightened child kept trembling all the time.那个被吓坏的男孩一直在发抖。

　　④己完全形容词化动词的ed形式作定语

　　有些动词的ed形式己完全形容词化，作前置定语时，其含义与同形的作后置定语的动词的ed形式不完全相同。

　　I’m going to buy some used books tomorrow.明天我要去一些旧书。(旧的)

　　The books used are still new now .用过的书现在仍然很新。(用)

　　We’ll meet at a given time and place .我们将在一个固定的时间、地点见面。(固定的)

　　The time and place given to us are not decided yet .给我们的时间和地点还没定下。(给

　　巧用“令(使)人”解的动词分词式

　　过去分词作表定，修饰通常是人称。表示“使人”怎么样，皆由外因出感情。

　　现在分词作表定，主语常是事、物名。表示“令人”怎么样，说明性质或特征。

　　(3)作宾语补足语

　　动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语时，它前面的宾语就是它的逻辑主语;如果主动句改为被动句，宾语补足语则变成了主语补足语。动词的-ed形式一般在感觉、感官动词和使役、致使役动词后作宾语补足语表示已经完成的被动意义。

　　①感觉、感官动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语，这类动词有find，feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，smell，watch等。

　　We found the door locked.我们发现门锁上了。(宾补)

　　The door was found locked.门被发现锁上了。(主补)

　　She saw the thief caught by the policeman.她看见那个小偷被警察抓去了。(宾补)

　　The thief was seed caught by the policeman. 有人看见那个小偷被警察抓去了。(主补)

　　What should you do if you find a person trapped under a car?如果发现有人被压在车下，你该怎么办?

　　②使役、致使役动词后作宾语补足语或主语补足语，这类动词有catch, get，have, leave，set，start, keep等。

　　The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard. 那个演讲人提高了嗓门，但人们还是听不见。

　　She had her foot injured in the fall.她跌倒了，脚受了伤。

　　③“have/get sth.+-ed分词作宾补”的不同含义

　　“have/get sth.+-ed分词作宾补”归纳起来有3种不同含义:

　　a. 表示让/叫别人(为自己)做某事。

　　Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had repaired went wrong. 布朗太太看到她请人修的洗衣机坏了非常失望。

　　He's going to have his hair cut.他要去理发。

　　She had her house repaired.她(请人)修理了房屋。

　　They are going to get their telephone put in.他们打算请人安装。

　　b.表示“使完成某事”，可以是别人完成，也可以是自己参与完成。

　　We must have / get the work finished by 10 o'clock. 我们在 10点钟之前得把工作做完。

　　In that year he had a hundred yuan saved. 那一年他积蓄了100元。

　　c.表示“遭遇某事”，常指不幸之事。

　　She had her house damaged in the storm. 她的房屋在暴风雨中毁坏了。

　　Charles was sentenced to death and would have his head cut off the next day. 查尔斯被判处死刑，次日将被砍头。

　　(4)作状语

　　动词的-ed形式作状语时，用来进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状态，其逻辑主语通常应与句子的主语一致，即句子的主语就是动词的-ed形式这一动作的承受者。在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、让步等，这时它相当于一个状语从句。它的位置比较灵活，可以置于句、句中或句尾，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用。一般用作时间、原因、条件状语时，这些短语通常位于句子的句;当用作方式、结果、伴随状语时，通常位于句末。

　　①作时间状语

　　作时间状语时相当于when或while引导的从句。

　　Shot in the leg(=When he was shot in the leg), he continued to fire back with his gun.当他的腿被击中了后，他仍继续还击。

　　Heated,(=When it is heated) the metal expands.金属受热要膨胀。

　　②作原因状语时相当于as, since, because引导的从句。这类状语多方在前半部。

　　Well designed and built(=Because it was well designed and built), the building lasted long.因为设计和施工都好，这座建筑撑的时间长。

　　Greatly frightened, the man ran into the room back of the workshop.那人大吃一惊，跑到车间后面的屋子里去了。

　　Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，险些撞到他前面汽车上。

　　③作方式伴随状语时不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句。

　　He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. (=He hurried to the hall and was followed by two guards.)他快步走进大厅，身后跟着两个卫兵。

　　He turned away disappointed. (=He was disappointed and turned away.)他非常失望地走了。

　　Dr Watson and I will spend the night, locked in your room.我和华生医生将要锁在你的屋里过夜。

　　④作条件状语时相当于if, unless引导的从句。

　　Given another chance(=If I am given another chance), I will do it much better.如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。

　　Compared with Mr. Smith, he is young.和史密斯相比，他很年轻。

　　United we stand; divided we fall.团结就是胜利，分裂必然失败。

　　⑤作让步状语时相当于though, even if等引导的从句。这类状语多放在前半部。

　　Born a free man(Though he was born a free man), he was now in chains.他生来是个自由人，现在却戴上了镣铐。

　　Wounded(Though he was wounded), the brave solider continue to fight.虽然受伤，那个勇敢的战士仍然继续战斗。

　　Left alone, the boy will get into trouble.放任不管，这个男孩会惹麻烦。

　　⑥动词的-ed形式作状语时,前面有时可以用一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要。常用的连词有：when, while, after, before, if, though, whether, unless, as if 等。

　　If followed, he would eat all the food in the house.如果被允许，他会把家里的食物全吃了。

　　Even if invited, I won't go to his party.即使被邀请，我也不去参加他的聚会。

　　When asked why he did it, he said nothing.当问到他为什么做这件事时，他什么也没说。

　　Once seen, it can never be forgotten .一旦看见它，就不会忘记它。

　　(5)动词的-ed形式构成的独立主格结构

　　① 名词(代词)+动词的-ed形式构成的独立主格结构

　　这种结构多用来表示行为方式或伴随状况，有时用来表示时间、原因、条件等。这时-ed分词与前面的名词通格或代词主格是被动的逻辑主谓关系。

　　The question settled, the meeting was over. 问题解决后，会议结束了。

　　He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗跑了进来。

　　His work finished, he prepared to go home.干完活后，他就准备回家。

　　② with+宾语+动词的-ed形式独立主格结构

　　这种结构多用来表示伴随情况。

　　The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 杀人犯被带入， 两手绑在背后。

　　He was lying with his eyes shut. 他躺在那里，眼睛闭着。

　　There was also a gun and a thin piece of rope with the end tied in a circle.还有一支和一根细绳，绳子的末端扎成一个圈。

　　With his home-work finished ahead of time, he began to use his computer to write his diary.他提前把作业做完了，接着就开始用电脑写日记。

　　英语动词现在完成进行时：

　　1. 构成

　　have / has been + 动词的现在分词。

　　2. 基本用法

　　(1) 表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。如：

　　The telephone has been ringing continually in the office all morning. 整个早上办公室里的铃声不断。

　　Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. 自那时以来,他们一直在设法查明起火的原因。

　　What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后，你在做什么?

　　In the past few years they have been dealing with quite a few international corporations successfully.

　　在过去的几年中他们与好几家跨国公司做生意一直做得很成功。

　　(2) 现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论：

　　She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day. 她很累了，她整天都在打信件。

　　Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了。她一直在哭。

　　(3) 有时也可表示现在以前这段时间反复发生的事情。如：

　　They have been seeing each other recently. 近他们常常见面。

　　3. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

　　(1) 现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作;而现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作。如：

　　He has been writing a letter. 他一直在写一封信。(还在写)

　　He has written a letter. 他写了一封信。(已完成)

　　(2) 少数动词如work, study, live, teach, stay等, 用这两种时态含义差不多, 只是在强调动作的持续性时，用现在完成进行时更多一些。如：

　　How long has your brother worked / been working in this factory? 你哥哥在这家工厂工作多久了?

　　I’ve lived / been living here since I taught in this school. 自从我在这所学校任教以来就一直住在这儿。

　　(3) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如：

　　I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)

　　I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)

　　英语动词将来完成时：

　　1. 构成

　　will / shall+ have +过去分词。

　　2. 基本用法

　　(1) 表示到将来某个时间已经发生或完成的动作。如：

　　I shall have finished this book next week. 下周我就会读完这本书了。

　　When we get there，she’ll have gone home. 我们到那里时她会回家了。

　　On Monday he’ll have been in Britain for three years. 到星期一，他在英国就满三年了。

　　(2) 有时表示推测。如：

　　They will have arrived there by now. 这时候他们可能已到那儿了。

　　3. 现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别

　　(1) 现在完成时以现在时间为参照点，表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态;过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点，表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态;将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点，表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态。如：

　　He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。

　　He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完了他的小说。

　　He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。

　　(2)在表示时间或者条件的状语从句，用现在完成时来表示将来完成时。如：

　　I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之后我就同你去。

　　英语动词过去完成时：

　　1. 构成

　　助动词had+动词的过去分词。

　　2. 基本用法

　　(1) 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已发生或完成的动作、状态(“已完成”)。句中常用by , before , until , when 等引导的时间状语。如：

　　Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西)

　　I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We hadn’t seen each other since we left Paris. 上周星期天我见到史密斯先生了，自从离开巴黎后我们还一直没见过面。

　　By the end of the year no decision had been made. 到年底也没有做出任何决定。

　　He had left when I arrived. 当我到达时他已经离开。

　　(2)过去完成时的动作还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去(未完成)。如：

　　Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 他睡觉之前，工作了12小时。

　　The film had been on for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema. 当我到达电影院时，电影已经开演五分钟了。

　　We had scarcely reached the school before it began to rain. 我们刚到学校天就下雨了。

　　(3) 某些动词如intend / think / plan / expect / hope等的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望或打算。如：

　　I had intended to come to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn’t get away. 我原打算昨晚来看你，但有人来访，我拖不开身。

　　He had hoped to find a job soon.他本来希望很快找到工作。

　　I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。

　　(4)过去完成时用在hardly / scarcely…when…和no sooner…than 固定结构中。如：

　　No sooner was the frost off the ground than the work began. 地上的霜一消散，人们就开始工作了。

　　Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚一到, 她就开始抱怨起来。

　　(5) 过去完成时用于条件分句或wish / would rather等后面的that从句中，表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如：

　　I would have met him, if I had come this morning. 今天早晨我来的话，就会见到他了。

　　I wish I had seen you yesterday. 我昨天见到你多好。

　　He would rather she had lent him more money than she did.他本希望她借给他的钱更多些。